２４）人間と科学

科学は万能ではない。

自然の内で一番大きな概念は宇宙である。天文学と量子物理学、それに科学技術の発達に支えられた種々の計測・計算装置により、我々の宇宙観は徐々に精度を高めつつある。これは、これで素晴らしいことなのだが、その根底にある素朴な疑問、例えば、「時空間は、なぜ存在しているのか」、「物質と物質エネルギーは、どうして生じたのか」、「物理法則とその力は、どこから来たのか」などに、科学は答えることができない。

「無から有が生じる自然宇宙の全てが、やがては、科学的手法により理解され説明される」と考えるなら、それは、「科学が何であるのか」を根本から誤解している。

科学とは、感情や信仰から独立した理性により、或る固定された前提条件の下、同一の原因が同一の結果を生ずることを経験的に実証し、論理的推論と合わせて、これから、体系的法則を導き出すものである。従って、「科学の根本的な前提条件に当たるもの」や「その背後に存在するもの」を、科学の取り扱い対象にすることはできない。

それが科学というものであるのに、欧米流科学万能主義は、「非科学的」などという言葉を使って、「科学が実証できないものは存在しない、または、考える価値がない」などという社会的信仰を生み出している。そして、人間の限界を忘れ、自然と対立し、傲慢且つ強欲な物質文明を築いている。「人間は、そもそも自然の一部であり、その生存可能域が限定されている極めて弱い存在だ」という基本認識に欠けている。

一方、科学はまだ幼児の成長段階にある。謙虚な気持ちで前進すれば、前途洋々たる未来が待ち受けている。人間社会のためになることも明白だ。しかし、人間の感情から独立した理性の世界にある科学は、その利点と共に欠点も併せ持っている。

科学が技術と結ばれ社会活用される段階で、問題発生の恐れがある。科学とは別世界にある倫理感情が、科学者の心の中で科学に優先していなければ、科学技術は、悪魔的な兵器や武器の製造、そして、シェイクスピアの「ベニスの商人」に登場する血も涙もない高利貸し、シャイロック顔負けの冷血で金塗れの社会システム構築に利用される。

「科学には、何ができるのか、何ができないのか」を正確に理解することが、これからの時代には極めて重要になる。科学の限界を認識すると共に、一方で、今後の更なる科学の発展に多くを期待したい。

人間は科学の対象域よりもさらに大きな自然宇宙に存在していること、科学が成立するためには大前提が必要なこと、これらをしっかりと認識した上で、科学をさらに進化させる必要がある。実際、我々の文明にとって、科学とその技術は、重要且つ不可欠な存在である。より広い、より深い、より長い視野で、自然、人間、科学を理解することが、人々が永く幸せに暮らせる社会を築くことに繋がる。

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